OpenDataUSA

Quick Navigation

Karen D Collum from Swainsboro, GA

Age 59 b. 9/6/1966
📍 221 Gary Rd, #swainsboro, GA 30401-4959
✉️ frozenpeach@worldnet.att.net, mtcollumii@aol.com, frozenpeach@comcast.net, mtcollumii@adelphia.net, blong@pineland.net, mtcollumii@frontiernet.net, frozenpeach@gateway.net, frozenpeach@aol.com, frozenpeach@peoplepc.com, frozenpeach@msn.com, frozenpeach@insightbb.com
👨‍👩‍👧 Relatives: Andrew A Collum,Charles E Collum,Debbie H Collum,James R Carter Jr,John E Collum,Lowell E Stephens,Mark Travis Collum,Robert Kelso Carter,Ronald Lee Carter,Agatha Stephens,Bettie Stewart Carter,Bill E Carter,Brenda Joyce Stephens,Carl D Cater,Cassandra Yvette Tate,Charles E Cater,Darryl Jerome Cater,Diane Y Coates,Dorothy M Carter,Garet A Collum,George H Carter,Gregory Arnold Cater,Hailey B Collum,James E Anderson Jr,Jeannie M Carter,Jerome D Cater,Jerry Watts,Kathryn A Sullivan,Kenneth D Carter,Lakisha Carter,Lakisha Michelle Carter,Lakisha Carter,Linda Sue Carter,Lisa M Goodeyon,Lorrie E Jones,Lowell E Stephens,Lowell A Stephens Sr,Melanie Alberta Collum,Rhonesha L Carter,Robert K Carter Jr,Robert H Carter,Ron Carter,Ronald Cater,Sarah A Collum,Sharon D Carter,Sheri L Stephens,Stephen Meredith Hawk,Terry R Cater,Thida N Carter,William J Carter
🕐 16 previous addresses

Ms Karen Kedwards Collum from Petaluma, CA

Age 58
📍 4850 Bodega Ave, #petaluma, CA 94952-9603
✉️ edwardskrs@aol.com, rickyedw@aol.com, rickyedw@hotmail.com
👨‍👩‍👧 Relatives: Christopher R Collum,James R Edwards,Mary O Edwards,Richard D Edwards,Stephanie M Edwards,Timothy Ray Collum,Catherine Elaine Collum,Chris Collum,Jerry G Collum,Patricia A Edwards,Timothy W Collum,Becky A Sorenson,Blake B Chernyha,Calista A George,Calista George,Carrie D Harty,Chris R Perrigo,Connie J Collum,Frances E Sanchez,Gary D George,Jacob D George,Janine M Stapley,Jonathan J George,Marc C Jimenez,Martin M George,Maurice A Sanchez,Monica E Sanchez,Monte Alan Kozvan,Nancy J Sanchez,Pablo M Sanchez,Pablo M Sanchez,Patricia K Jimenez,Paula L George Sr,Philip J Harty,Rick Alan George Jr,Robert Dale George Jr,Robert D George Sr,Sandra K Dehn,Sandra G George,Sandra I Sanchez,Sandra G Sanchez,Tammi J George,Vona M George,William M Jimenez Sr
🕐 3 previous addresses

Karen Collum

Age 87 b. 1939-02-03
📍 7319 Boerne Creek Dr, Richmond Tx
📞 (281) 762-2676, (419) 261-2810, (832) 392-0509
✉️ KARENCOLLUM@ROCKETMAIL.COM, karencollum@rocketmail.com, karencollumm@rocketmail.com

Karen Collum from Greenwood, LA

Age 65
📍 4854 Scott Dr, Greenwood, LA 71033
📞 (318) 938-5293, (318) 938-5044, (318) 938-5293, (318) 635-5908, (281) 890-4100, (713) 890-3506
✉️ collumkb@aol.com
👨‍👩‍👧 Relatives: Genevieve Collum,Charleya Collum,Willie Finklea Collum,Gary Wayne Collum,Jason E Collum,Jenny Collum,Joshua Lane Collum,Roy Collum,Jr Collum

Karen Collum

Age 65 b. 1960-07-28
📍 Bldg Trlr, 4850 Bodega Ave, Petaluma Ca
📞 (707) 481-3844, (707) 762-3487
✉️ KARENKCOLLUM@GMAIL.COM, karenkcollum@gmail.com

Karen Collum from Montgomery, AL

Age 67 b. Jan 1959 Female
📍 2350 Winchester Rd
💼 2710
📞 (334) 244-9013
✉️ collumhome@aol.com

Karen Collum from Avon, MA

Age 67
📍 6 Glendower St, Avon, MA 02322
📞 (508) 584-3929
👨‍👩‍👧 Relatives: Colleen M Meurling,Jill M Rathgeber,Sharon J Collum,Dennis M Collumsr,Mona Goodwin Collum,Dennis M Collum,Brian T Collum,Theodore L Collum

Karen Collum from Tyler, TX

Age 72 b. Sep 1953
📍 7256 County Road 492
📞 (903) 593-4657

Karen Collum from Erie, MI

Age 87 b. 1939 Monroe Co.
📍 1405 Sterns Rd
📞 (734) 848-4636

Karen Collum from Avon, MA

Age 77 b. Sep 1948 Norfolk Co.
📍 6 Glendower St
📞 (508) 584-3929

Karen Collum from Ellisville, MS

Age 56 b. Apr 1969 Jones Co.
📍 3322 Highway 588
📞 (601) 752-2958

Karen Collum from Weaverville, NC

Age 83 b. Apr 1943 Buncombe Co.
📍 30 Wilderness Dr
📞 (828) 645-7715

Karen Collum from Northvale, NJ

Age 46 b. Oct 1979 Bergen Co.
📍 402 White Ave
📞 (201) 768-8393

Karen Collum from Modesto, CA

Stanislaus Co.
📍 1124 Oakdale Rd Apt 3
📞 (718) 996-9597, (209) 519-0701

Karen Collum from Westerville, OH

Age 78 b. Aug 1947 Franklin Co.
📍 5779 Albany Grn
📞 (614) 891-8677

Karen Collum from Greenwood, SC

Age 75 b. Sep 1950 Greenwood Co.
📍 225 Phillips Cir
📞 (864) 223-1405

Karen Collum from Manalapan, NJ

Age 69 b. Dec 1956 Monmouth Co.
📍 216 Pease Rd
📞 (253) 351-6532

Karen Collum from Greenwood, LA

Age 77 b. Apr 1949 Caddo Co.
📍 6943 Howell St
📞 (318) 938-5293

Karen Collum from Greenwood, SC

Age 75 b. Sep 1950 Greenwood Co.
📍 233 Phillips Cir
📞 (864) 223-1405

Karen Collum

📍 42 Spring Creek Cir Nw, Adairsville Ga
📞 (678) 852-3866
✉️ KMCOLLUM1020@GMAIL.COM

Karen Collum from Kingston, GA

Bartow Co.
📍 Po Box 267
📞 (912) 742-1797

Karen Collum from Tinton Falls, NJ

Age 69 b. Dec 1956
📍 40 Fairfield Dr

Karen Collum from Clarksville, TN

Age 58 b. Sep 1967 Montgomery Co.
📍 1726 Evans Rd A

Karen Collum from Shreveport, LA

Age 77 b. Apr 1949 Caddo Co.
📍 2002 Vivian St

Karen Collum from Toledo, OH

Age 60 b. Sep 1965 Lucas Co.
📍 5702 Angola Rd 59

Karen Collum from Scottsdale, AZ

Age 68 b. Sep 1957 Maricopa Co.
📍 13255 N 79th St 3

Karen Collum from Temperance, MI

Age 57 b. Sep 1968 Monroe Co.
📍 2295 Reddington Dr

Karen Collum from Toledo, OH

Age 55 b. Oct 1970 Lucas Co.
📍 2804 Middlesex Dr

Karen Collum from Fulton, MS

Itawamba Co.
📍 1320 John Rankin Hwy
📞 (662) 862-9617

Karen Collum from Tyler, TX

Smith Co.
📍 2829 S Donnybrook Ave
📞 (903) 593-4657

Karen Collum from Savannah, TN

Hardin Co.
📍 Rr 6 Po Box 228
📞 (209) 572-4170

Karen Collum from Greenwood, LA

📍 6963 Howell St
📞 (318) 938-5072

Karen Mc Collum from Lawrenceville, GA

📍 1750 Laurel Creek Dr, Lawrenceville, GA 30043

Karen Collum from Adairsville, GA

Bartow Co.
📍 5420 Highway 140

Karen Collum from Houston, TX

Harris Co.
📍 9511 Barnhart Ln

Karen Collum from Hilliard, OH

Franklin Co.
📍 5578 Bayridge Dr

Source: Public Records Aggregators · Commercial Data Providers · Consumer Data Sources Our search returned 36 contact records for Karen Collum across 14 states. The most recent address on file is in Montgomery, Alabama. Of these records, 25 include phone numbers and 7 include email addresses. Ages range from 65 to 67, which may indicate multiple individuals sharing this name. Records are compiled from government agencies and commercial data sources. Data accuracy varies by source.

Collum Karen L & Little Gary E & Little Della F

Montgomery County
· 2350 Winchester Rd, Montgomery

Collum, Karen L & Helen A Bruno

Vacant Land Monmouth County
· 1100 County Rd 215, 76527

Source: County Assessor Records · County Recorder Offices · State Property Tax Databases We found 2 property records linked to Karen Collum in Montgomery. Values shown are from county assessor records and may differ from current market prices.

Karen Collum

Cartersville, 30121
DOB: 1/1/1958 Gender: Female
Congress: 011

Karen Collum

Unaffiliated
414 West Ave, Northvale, 07647
DOB: 10/14/1979
County: Bergen

Karen Michele Collum

Reg: 19921221
529 Snow Springs Rd NW, Adairsville, 30103
Gender: Female

karen MCCROME collum

Unaffiliated Reg: 10/08/2004
30 Wilderness Dr, Weaverville, NC, 28787
DOB: 1943 Gender: Female
County: Buncombe

Karen A Collum

Reg: 30024277
74 Scott Pl
DOB: 19650918 Gender: Female
Senate: 18

Karen A Collum

Reg: 97546731
215 Moore St
DOB: 19650918 Gender: Female
Senate: 17

Source: State Election Offices · Secretary of State Voter Files · Board of Elections 6 voter registration records were found for Karen Collum in North Carolina. Records show affiliations with U, UNA, which may reflect different individuals or changes over time. Voter data is released as public information under state election laws and reflects status at time of the state data release.

2012 RAM 1500
· Registered to: Karen Collum
· VIN: 1C6RD6FP6CS113390
·
6963 Howell St, Greenwood, LA, 71033
·
(318) 938-5072
2010 Cadillac SRX
· Registered to: Karen Collum
· VIN: 3GYFNBEY0AS589139
·
2804 Middlesex Dr, Toledo, OH, 43606
·
(419) 478-4222
2006 PONTIAC G6 CAR LOWER MIDSIZE
· Registered to: Karen Collum
· VIN: 1G2ZG558X64127455
·
5779 Albany Grn, Westerville, OH, 43081
·
(614) 891-8677
2015 Honda Civic Sedan
· Registered to: Karen Collum
· VIN: 19XFB2F93FE206631
·
4850 Bodega Ave, Petaluma, CA, 94952
·
(415) 388-2400
2010 Toyota RAV4
· Registered to: Karen Collum
· VIN: JTMYF4DV8A5016398
·
7319 Boerne Creek Dr, Richmond, TX, 77407-5042
·
(281) 762-2676

Source: State DMV Records · DPPA-Compliant Data Providers · Vehicle Registration Databases 5 vehicle registration records are associated with Karen Collum. Registered makes include Ram, Cadillac, Pontiac, Honda and others. The most recent model year on record is 2015. Vehicle data is obtained through DPPA-compliant providers and is regulated under the federal Driver's Privacy Protection Act.

Collum Painting III

Owner
(419) 478-4222
Toledo, OH
Construction - Special Trade Contractors (Construction)

Collum Railroad Consulting

Owner
(734) 848-4636
Erie, MI
Engineering, Management, Accounting, Research and Related Industries (Services)

South Jones High School Band Parent Association

Karen CollumFund Raising
Ellisville, MS

Karen Collum

Seattle, Washington, United States
LinkedIn

Designer's Workshop

Karen CollumTeacher
(864) 303-1441kcollum@aol.com
581 Newberry Hwy, Saluda, SC29138
thedesignersworkshop.com

Aflac

Karen CollumGeneral Manager
(601) 752-2958bugpepysmom@yahoo.com
3322 Hwy 588, Ellisville, MS39437

Source: State Secretary of State · SEC EDGAR · LinkedIn Professional Data · Business Registries 12 business affiliations were found for Karen Collum. Companies include Collum Painting III, Collum Railroad Consulting, Aflac. Roles listed include Fund Raising and Teacher. Records are compiled from state business registries, SEC filings, and professional networking databases.

Karen Collum

Sylacauga High School - Sylacauga, AL, AL
1984

Source: Historical Yearbook Archives · State Dept. of Education · Educator License Databases Karen Collum has 1 education-related record on file, which may include educator certifications and historical yearbook entries. Yearbook data represents a historical snapshot and may not reflect current information.

MP

Karen S Collum

Age 78 Female
·
1110 Barkston Dr, Katy, TX 77450 (Harris County)
29.7666, -95.7319
Marital: Married TZ: Central
Edu: High School
Single Family
MP

Karen Collum

Age 61 Female
·
1320 John Rankin Hwy, Fulton, MS 38843 (Itawamba County)
34.3036, -88.3967
· (662) 862-9617
Marital: Married TZ: Central
Homeowner Single Family Built 1987
MP

Karen M Collum

Age 74 Female
·
30 Wilderness Dr, Weaverville, NC 28787 (Buncombe County)
35.7588, -82.5225
· (828) 645-7715
Marital: Married TZ: Eastern
Homeowner Single Family Built 1986 Purchased 1988
MP

Karen C Collum

Age 48 Female
·
3322 Highway 588, Ellisville, MS 39437 (Jones County)
31.6198, -89.3924
· (601) 580-1460
Marital: Married TZ: Central
Occ: Professional
Homeowner Single Family Built 1900
MP

Karen A Collum

Age 51 Female
·
2804 Middlesex Dr, Toledo, OH 43606 (Lucas County)
41.6743, -83.6185
Marital: Married TZ: Eastern
Edu: High School
Homeowner Single Family
MP

Karen L Collum

Age 58 Female
·
2350 Winchester Rd, Montgomery, AL 36106 (Montgomery County)
32.3470, -86.2558
· (334) 244-9013
Marital: Single TZ: Central
Occ: Management Edu: Some College
Homeowner Single Family Built 1970 Purchased 2000
MP

Karen L Collum

Age 63 Female
·
2829 S Donnybrook Ave, Tyler, TX 75701 (Smith County)
32.3180, -95.2973
Marital: Single TZ: Central
Edu: High School
Single Family
MP

Karen Collum

Age 37 Female
·
414 West Ave, Northvale, NJ 07647 (Bergen County)
41.0130, -73.9563
· (201) 660-7675
Marital: Married TZ: Eastern
Occ: Healthcare Edu: Some College
Homeowner Single Family Built 1956 Purchased 2006
MP

Karen A Collum

Age 66 Female
·
233 Phillips Cir, Greenwood, SC 29649 (Greenwood County)
34.2755, -82.0666
· (864) 229-2484
Marital: Married TZ: Eastern
Occ: Professional Edu: High School
Homeowner Single Family Built 1985 Purchased 1994
MP

Karen S Collum

Age 70 Female
·
5779 Albany Grn, Westerville, OH 43081 (Franklin County)
40.0778, -82.8677
· (614) 891-8677
Marital: Married TZ: Eastern
Edu: High School
Homeowner Single Family Built 1997 Purchased 1999
MP

Karen L Collum

Age 60 Female
·
1100 County Road 215, Florence, TX 76527 (Williamson County)
30.7997, -97.8648
· (512) 635-0536
Marital: Married TZ: Central
Edu: Graduate School
Homeowner Single Family
MP

Karen A Collum

Age 70 Female
·
6 Glendower St, Avon, MA 02322 (Norfolk County)
42.1213, -71.0357
· (617) 596-1932
Marital: Married TZ: Eastern
Occ: White Collar Edu: High School
Homeowner Single Family Built 1956 Purchased 1974
MP

Karen B Collum

Age 68 Female
·
6943 Howell St, Greenwood, LA 71033 (Caddo County)
32.4456, -93.9740
· (318) 402-8519
Marital: Married TZ: Central
Homeowner Single Family Built 2012 Purchased 2004
MP

Karen K Collum

Age 57 Female
·
4850 Bodega Ave, Petaluma, CA 94952 (Sonoma County)
38.2589, -122.7100
TZ: Pacific
Single Family

Source: Consumer Marketing Databases · Commercial Data Aggregators Marketing databases contain 14 demographic profiles associated with Karen Collum. This data is compiled from commercial aggregators and may include estimated income ranges, lifestyle indicators, and household characteristics. Accuracy is not guaranteed.

Find Karen Collum on the map

Blank map of the United States, territories not included Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming District of Columbia District of Columbia
5
1
6
4
8
5
4
10
4
6
9
5
2
9

Found 78 results across 14 states

Fewer
More

Karen Collum in Richmond, TX: Background Summary

Location
7319 Boerne Creek Dr, Richmond Tx, Richmond, TX
Other Locations
Montgomery, AL · Tyler, TX · Erie, MI and 22 more
Profiles Found
36 people with this name
Phone Numbers
(478) 494-8054 and 26 others on file
Email
frozenpeach@worldnet.att.net and 19 others on file
Possible Relatives
Andrew A Collum, Charles E Collum, Debbie H Collum, James R Carter JR, John E Collum and 103 more
Career
Fund Raising, Teacher at Collum Painting III, Collum Railroad Consulting
Voter Registration
Registered No Party Preference
Properties
1property owned
Vehicles
5 linked — 2012 Ram 1500, 2010 Cadillac Srx and 3 more

This information is compiled from publicly available records and may include data for multiple individuals with similar names. Data may contain inaccuracies or be incomplete. This information should not be used for employment screening, tenant screening, credit decisions, or any purpose covered by the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). Always verify information independently before making any decisions.

How to Read This Report

This page aggregates publicly available records from government agencies, court systems, and official registries into a single report for Karen Collum. Because public records are indexed by name rather than by a unique identifier, the 95 results displayed here may include information belonging to multiple individuals who share the same name — a common occurrence, especially for frequently appearing names. To determine which records belong to the person you are researching, compare the location, approximate age, and any associated details across entries. Records that share an address or overlapping timeframe are more likely to refer to the same individual.

What Each Data Category Means

Property Records

Property records originate from county assessor and recorder offices, where real estate transactions, ownership transfers, and tax assessments are documented as a matter of public record. The assessed value shown for a property is the figure used by the county to calculate property taxes and frequently differs from the property's current market value — in many jurisdictions assessed values lag behind market conditions by several years. A property record updates whenever a new deed, lien, or assessment is filed with the county, so the ownership and valuation data shown here reflects the most recent filing available in our sources rather than a real-time snapshot.

Voter Registration

Voter registration data is maintained by state and county election offices and is considered public record under the election laws of most states. The party affiliation shown reflects the voter's registration at the time the record was filed; it does not necessarily indicate current political preferences, as voters may change their affiliation or register differently in subsequent elections. Not all states make their voter files publicly available — some restrict access or redact certain fields such as date of birth or residential address — so the completeness of voter data varies by state. Registration status (active or inactive) indicates whether the election office considers the registration current, not whether the person actually voted in recent elections.

Business and Professional Records

Business records are compiled from state Secretary of State filings, SEC EDGAR corporate disclosures, and professional networking data. When a person appears as an officer, director, or registered agent, it reflects a formal role filed with a government agency — these are legal positions of responsibility, not informal job titles. Records sourced from professional profiles represent information that individuals have chosen to make publicly available about their career history, skills, and affiliations. Business entity registrations show current or historical standing with the state, but a listing does not guarantee the entity is still actively operating.

Vehicle Records

Vehicle ownership records are obtained through sources that comply with the Driver's Privacy Protection Act (DPPA), the federal law that governs who may access motor vehicle records and for what purposes. The records shown indicate vehicles that have been registered to this individual through state DMV systems. Vehicle data may include make, model, year, and VIN, and reflects registration information at the time the record was filed. Vehicles that have been sold, traded, or transferred may still appear until the registration is updated in the state's records.

Important Limitations

Public records may contain outdated information, data entry errors, or records that belong to a different person who shares the same name as the individual you are researching. Government agencies update their records on varying schedules, and the data shown here may not reflect the most recent changes. Information on this page is provided for informational purposes only and should not be used for employment screening, tenant screening, credit decisions, or any other purpose regulated by the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). Always verify critical details through the originating government agency or official registry.

Your Rights

If you are the person described in these records, you have rights regarding your personal data. Under laws including the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and similar state privacy statutes, you may request the deletion or correction of your personal information. To submit a removal request, visit our opt-out page. For a complete description of how we collect, use, and protect personal data, please review our privacy policy.

Search Results Analysis for Karen Collum

Search Complexity: High

95 public records across 14states, belonging to approximately 36 different individuals. With 36 distinct profiles across 14 states, additional identifying information such as a middle name, age, or city will significantly narrow these results.

For this search, the Voter Registration Records section may be most helpful for disambiguation because these records include birth year, party affiliation, and county — highly useful for narrowing results.

Geographic Distribution

Records are widely distributed across 14 states. Highest concentration: Mississippi (11%), followed by Texas and Ohio. Spans the South and Midwest regions.

MS10recordsTX9recordsOH9recordsLA8recordsCA6recordsNJ6records

Record Type Breakdown

Data spans 5 record categories. Largest: Contact & Address Records (69%), which contain the most specific identifiers like phone numbers, email addresses, and physical addresses. Also includes Business & Corporate Filings (12) and Voter Registration Records (6).

55
Contact & Address Records
12
Business & Corporate Filings
6
Voter Registration Records
5
Vehicle Registration Records
2
Property Ownership Records

Age Distribution

Age range: approximately 40 years, suggesting multiple generations. Largest group: Senior (65+) (63%).

Senior (65+)12peopleMiddle-Age (40-64)7people

Use the age information shown on individual record cards to help identify the correct person.

Frequently Asked Questions About Karen Collum

Is Karen Collum a registered voter?
Yes, voter registration records show Karen Collum is registered. We found 6 voter registration entries across 1 state. Voter registration data is public record maintained by state election offices and released under state sunshine laws.
Does Karen Collum own property?
County assessor records show 2 properties associated with Karen Collum . Assessed values are determined by county tax assessors and may differ from market value. These records are sourced from county recorder and assessor offices.
What vehicles are registered to Karen Collum?
Records show 5 vehicle registrations associated with Karen Collum, including a 2012 RAM 1500. Registered makes include Ram, Cadillac, Pontiac, Honda. Vehicle registration data is obtained through DPPA-compliant providers and is regulated under the federal Driver's Privacy Protection Act.
What businesses are associated with Karen Collum?
We found 12 business affiliations for Karen Collum, including Collum Painting III. Other companies include Collum Railroad Consulting, Aflac. Business records are compiled from state registries, SEC filings, and professional databases.
How many records exist for Karen Collum?
Our database contains 95 total records for Karen Collum spanning 14 states. This includes 36 distinct contact records, 25 with phone numbers, 7 with email addresses. Multiple records may represent different individuals sharing the same name. All data is compiled from publicly available government and commercial sources.
How accurate is the information shown for Karen Collum?
The 95 records displayed for Karen Collum are aggregated from government agencies, county offices, and official registries. While we source from authoritative databases, records can contain outdated information or belong to a different person with the same name. We recommend verifying important details through the original issuing agency before making decisions based on this data.
Can Karen Collum remove this information?
Yes, any individual has the right to request removal of their personal information. Submit a free removal request through our opt-out page. Under the CCPA and similar state privacy laws, you can request deletion of your data. Removal is completed within 48 hours. You do not need to create an account.
Can I use this data for background checks or screening?
No. OpenDataUSA is not a Consumer Reporting Agency under the FCRA. These records may not be used for employment screening, tenant evaluation, credit decisions, insurance underwriting, or any other FCRA-regulated purpose. For official background checks, use an FCRA-compliant service.