OpenDataUSA

Quick Navigation

Ms Jamie Diane Smiley from Council Bluffs, IA

Age 48 b. 2/16/1978
📍 928 8th Ave, #council Bluffs, IA 51501-6326
📞 (712) 329-0514, (712) 246-3852
✉️ davisjamie@aol.com, davisjamie@bellsouth.net, davisjamie9@charter.net, davisjamie9@aol.com
👨‍👩‍👧 Relatives: Zachary William Smiley,Donald J Davis,Este E Smiley,Jamie Diane Smiley,Teresa M Davis,Betty Davis,James R Davis,Nm Davis,Norma M Davis,Norman M Davis,Richard S Davis,Brian H Davis,Crystal Davis,Cynthia A Davis,James E Davis Jr,James J Davis,Karen L Davis,Mary Lou Davis,Robert E Davis,Andrew T Davis,Daniel T Paul,Dustin R Dumler,Grant T Davis,James L Davis,James W Davis,James Michael Rogers,James M Rogers,Jim Fred Hockett,Kathleen L Ray,Kent A Ponder,Kristen Marie Hughes,Lisa M Davis,Melissa Palmer Ray,Michael L Embler,Rodney Earl Ray,Rodney E Raye,Shirley A Davis,Stacy M Davis,Teryn C Davis,Thomas J Foutch Sr,Thomas Joseph Foutch Jr,William L Ray
🕐 9 previous addresses

Jamie N Smiley from Mount Vernon, IN

Age 47 b. 12/3/1978
📍 5401 Tile Factory Rd, #mount Vernon, IN 47620-6906
✉️ jamieosb33@gmail.com, jamieosb3@yahoo.com
👨‍👩‍👧 Relatives: Adam P Osborne,Belinda J Duckworth,Brian G Smiley,Cole Osborne,Darin Wayne Osborne,Gerald L Osborne,Gregory E Smiley,Jessica J Buckner,Jessica Ashley Smiley,Lora L Osborne,Mary Delores Osborne,Matthew G Osborne,Matthew G Osborne,Michelle Osborne,Susan Smiley,Susan D Smiley,Amanda D Duncan,Andria Leigh Glenn,Billy D Osborne,Cole G Osborne,Darin W Osborne,Dawnerice L Waller,Donaldson K Smiley,Elizabeth Ann Stevens,Eugenea D Huffman,Gredel Osborne,Hailey R White,Jamie Shephard Osborne,Jeffrey H Osborne Sr,Jeffrey H Osborne Jr,Jerry T Osborne,Joanne N Osborne,Jodi D Willis,John Kevin Osborne,Kelly M Morlan,Kenneth G Wilsey Jr,Krista Glenn,Krista F Glenn,Michael P Glenn,Michael L Osborne,Michelle L White,Michelle R White,Michelle C White,Richard A May,Robert Lee Osborne Jr,Robert L Osborne,Shawn A Buckner,Terry M Faison,Tracy D White
🕐 16 previous addresses

Jamie Smiley

Age 54 b. 1971-04-10
📍 13550 Thiirty-One Mile Rd, Washington Twp Mi
📞 (586) 453-7060, (586) 453-7858
✉️ AMYSMILEY42@ATT.NET, amysmiley42@att.net

Jamie Smiley

Age 38 b. 1987-09-16
📍 10133 Woodmont Way, Perrysburg Twp Oh 43551
📞 (567) 232-0833, (419) 294-5606
✉️ JLSMILEY87@GMAIL.COM, jlsmiley87@gmail.com

Jamie Smiley from Sacramento, CA

Age 61 b. Jul 1964 Sacramento Co.
📍 1360 Sonoma Ave
📞 (916) 920-9649

Jamie Smiley from Bracey, VA

Age 55 b. Mar 1970 Mecklenburg Co.
📍 565 Waynes Ct
📞 (434) 689-3411

Jamie Smiley from Washington, MI

Age 54 b. Apr 1971 Macomb Co.
📍 13550 31 Mile Rd
📞 (586) 336-0673

Jamie Smiley from Wimauma, FL

Age 50 b. Oct 1975 Hillsborough Co.
📍 804 Bishop Rd W
📞 (813) 634-6604

Jamie Smiley from Lawton, OK

Age 94 b. Nov 1931 Comanche Co.
📍 127 Babbett Ave
📞 (785) 446-2231

Jamie Smiley from Evansville, IN

0
📍 1225 Lincoln Park Dr, Evansville, IN 47714
👨‍👩‍👧 Relatives: Douglas Jay Smiley,Christopher M Smiley

Jamie Smiley

📍 1939 Birds Nest Rd Unit B, Wadmalaw Is Sc
📞 (843) 751-9687
✉️ JAMIESMILEY@GMAIL.COM

Jamie Smiley from Staunton, IL

Age 56 b. Sep 1969 Macoupin Co.
📍 103 S Laurel St A

Jamie Smiley from Fairfield, OH

Age 49 b. Oct 1976 Butler Co.
📍 6560 Dixie Hw

Jamie Smiley from Fresno, CA

Age 58 b. Jan 1968 Fresno Co.
📍 4912 N 7th St Apt 115
👤 aka Jaime Smiley, Jim Smiley

Jamie Smiley from Fresno, CA

Age 63 b. Jan 1963 Fresno Co.
📍 3420 N 1st St

Jamie Smiley from Exeter, CA

📍 314 N Albert Ave # 94
📞 (323) 620-3405 (T-MOBILE)

Jamie Smiley from Lyons, GA

Toombs Co.
📍 322 Lakeview Dr
📞 (912) 526-6341

Jamie Smiley from Fort Collins, CO

Larimer Co.
📍 2719 Raintree Dr Apt 3
📞 (602) 948-2961

Jamie Smiley from Midway, GA

Liberty Co.
📍 53 Bullet Rd
📞 (912) 884-5937

Jamie Smiley from Hinesville, GA

Liberty Co.
📍 5540 W Oglethorpe Hwy Lot 10
📞 (912) 368-2782

Jamie Smiley from Hanover Park, IL

Cook Co.
📍 936 Hastings Ln

Jamie Smiley from Thonotosassa, FL

Hillsborough Co.
📍 12924 Chris Pl

Jamie Smiley from New Harmony, IN

Posey Co.
📍 916 S Brewery St
👤 aka Jamie N Osborne

Jamie Smiley from Ruskin, FL

Hillsborough Co.
📍 1723 33rd St Se

Jamie Smiley from Itasca, IL

Du Page Co.
📍 934 Hasting St

Jamie Smiley from Clayton, CA

Contra Costa Co.
📍 1279 Shell Cir

Jamie Smiley from Sterling Heights, MI

Macomb Co.
📍 43992 Freeway Dr 98

Jamie Smiley from Riverview, FL

Hillsborough Co.
📍 13004 Darla Dr

Jamie Smiley from Sparta, MI

Kent Co.
📍 33 Chary Ln

Jamie Smiley from Bradenton, FL

Manatee Co.
📍 5062 Live Oak Cir

Jamie Smiley from Tampa, FL

Hillsborough Co.
📍 4129 E Busch Blvd 1

Jamie Smiley from Norcross, GA

Gwinnett Co.
📍 4358 Redgate Rd

Source: Public Records Aggregators · Commercial Data Providers · Consumer Data Sources Our search returned 32 contact records for Jamie Smiley across 11 states. The most recent address on file is in Sacramento, California. Of these records, 15 include phone numbers and 5 include email addresses. Records are compiled from government agencies and commercial data sources. Data accuracy varies by source.

Jamie S Smiley

Democrat Reg: 10/08/2004
2357 Park Hill Dr, Pittsburgh, PA, 15221
DOB: 06/30/1984 Gender: Male

Jamie Smiley

Republican
2625alpine Ave, Greeley, CO, 80631
DOB: 1976 Gender: Female
County: Weld

Jamie Lyn Smiley

Gender: F

Jamie Dean Smiley

Republican Reg: 4/16/2018
12505 SW North Dakota St Apt 1904, Tigard, OR, 97223
DOB: 1/1/1968
County: Washington

Jamie S Smiley

2357 Park Hill Dr
DOB: 06/30/1984 Gender: Male

Source: State Election Offices · Secretary of State Voter Files · Board of Elections 5 voter registration records were found for Jamie Smiley in Pennsylvania, Colorado, Oregon. Records show affiliations with D, REP, which may reflect different individuals or changes over time. 2 registrations are currently active. Voter data is released as public information under state election laws and reflects status at time of the state data release.

2013 Ford Explorer
· Registered to: Jamie Smiley
· VIN: 1FM5K7D84DGC59365
·
23153 Mystic Forest Dr, Novi, MI, 48375
·
(248) 982-6550
2009 Jeep Liberty
· Registered to: Jamie Smiley
· VIN: 1J8GN28K79W539008
·
7064 Breckton Pl, Upper Sandusky, OH, 43351-9174
·
(567) 232-0833
2012 Chevrolet Malibu
· Registered to: Jamie Smiley
· VIN: 1G1ZC5EU1CF313706
·
W5574 Leslie Rd, Peshtigo, WI, 54157
·
(920) 371-9852
2010 FORD TAURUS
· Registered to: Jamie Smiley
· VIN: 1FAHP2EW7AG137152
·
13550 31 Mile Rd, Washington, MI, 48095-1465
2006 Ford F150
· Registered to: Jamie Smiley
· VIN: 1FTPX14526NB01249
·
13550 31 Mile Rd, Washington, MI, 48095-1465
·
(586) 336-0673
2018 HYUNDAI ELANTRA
· Registered to: Jamie Smiley
· VIN: 5NPDH4AE4IH375085
·
2130 Milestone Dr, Findlay, OH, 45840-7349
·
(567) 232-0833
2013 Hyundai Elantra
· Registered to: Jamie Smiley
· VIN: 5NPDH4AE4DH375085
·
2130 Milestone Dr, Findlay, OH, 45840
·
(567) 232-0833

Source: State DMV Records · DPPA-Compliant Data Providers · Vehicle Registration Databases 7 vehicle registration records are associated with Jamie Smiley. Registered makes include Ford, Jeep, Chevrolet, Hyundai. The most recent model year on record is 2018. Vehicle data is obtained through DPPA-compliant providers and is regulated under the federal Driver's Privacy Protection Act.

IBI Group - Toronto West

+14165961930jamie.smiley@ibigroup.com

Council Bluffs Community School District

Jamie SmileyNurse
+1.712.328.6493jsmiley@cbcsd.org
Council Bluffs, IA51501

Jamie Smiley

Dampers Manager, Production
Greenheck
Junction City, Wisconsin, United States Machinery
jamie.smiley@greenheck.com
LinkedIn

Jamie Smiley

Radiologic Technologist
Colorado
LinkedIn

Santa Barbara Art Assn 113

Jamie SmileyLocalization Manager
talknerday2may@yahoo.com
337 N Garfield Ave, Loveland, CO80537
sbparalegals.org

Dog-Centric

Jamie SmileyChief Executive
talknerday2may@yahoo.com
337 N Garfield Ave, Loveland, CO80537

Council Bluffs Community Schoo

Jamie SmileyNurse
(712) 328-6549jsmiley@cbcsd.org
Council Blfs, IA

Jamie Smiley

Architect at IBI / P + S<br · Toronto, Canada Area

Santa Barbara Art Assn 113

Jamie SmileyLocalization Manager
talknerday2may@yahoo.com
337 N Garfield Ave, Loveland, CO80537

Source: State Secretary of State · SEC EDGAR · LinkedIn Professional Data · Business Registries 16 business affiliations were found for Jamie Smiley. Companies include Council Bluffs Community School District, Greenheck, Dog-Centric and 2 more. Roles listed include Null and Nurse. Records are compiled from state business registries, SEC filings, and professional networking databases.

Concept Haus LLC

Addr: Lakewood, CO
Registered Agent: Jamie Lee Smiley

Source: Public Records Jamie Smiley appears in 1 corporate filing from state Secretary of State offices and SEC EDGAR, listed as an officer, director, or registered agent.

Jamie Smiley

Radiologic Technologist Certification
CLOSED

Source: State Professional Licensing Boards · Dept. of Professional Regulation Jamie Smiley holds 1 state-issued professional license on record. License data includes type, status, and issue dates from state regulatory boards. Always verify current status directly with the issuing board.

Jamie Smiley

Mountain Pine High School - Mountain Pine, AR, AR
1989

Source: Historical Yearbook Archives · State Dept. of Education · Educator License Databases Jamie Smiley has 1 education-related record on file, which may include educator certifications and historical yearbook entries. Yearbook data represents a historical snapshot and may not reflect current information.

$25 Sep 30, 2020
2020 REP
Republican Party Of Wisconsin
Smiley, Jamie Production Manager @ Greenheck Fan Junction City, WI
$25 Sep 30, 2020
REP
Republican Party Of Wisconsin
Contributor Production Manager @ Greenheck Fan Junction City, WI

Source: FEC Disclosure Database · State Ethics Commissions · Stanford DIME Project 2 political contribution records found for Jamie Smiley. Total disclosed contributions amount to $50. Recipients include Republican Party Of Wisconsin. Federal law requires disclosure of contributions above $200 to federal candidates.

MP

Jamie Smiley

Age 46 Male
·
13550 31 Mile Rd, Washington, MI 48095 (Macomb County)
42.7868, -82.9995
· (586) 855-7202
Marital: Married TZ: Eastern
Edu: High School
Homeowner Single Family Built 1996 Purchased 2014
MP

Jamie L Smiley

Age 29
·
1380 County Road 7, Delta, OH 43515 (Fulton County)
41.4928, -83.9990
TZ: Eastern
Single Family
MP

Jamie D Smiley

Age 39 Female
·
928 8th Ave, Council Blfs, IA 51501 (Pottawattamie County)
41.2544, -95.8587
· (712) 329-0514
Marital: Married TZ: Central
Occ: Healthcare Edu: Some College
Homeowner Single Family Built 2001 Purchased 2001
MP

Jamie Smiley

Age 38
·
1838 S US Highway 29, Troy, AL 36079 (Pike County)
31.8825, -86.0103
· (334) 672-6265
Marital: Single TZ: Central
Occ: White Collar Edu: Some College
Multi-Family
MP

Jamie B Smiley

·
3668 Ga Highway 178, Glennville, GA 30427 (Tattnall County)
31.9390, -81.9318
TZ: Eastern
Homeowner Single Family Built 1965
MP

Jamie L Smiley

Age 41 Female
·
2625 Alpine Ave, Greeley, CO 80631 (Weld County)
40.3946, -104.6720
Marital: Single TZ: Mountain
Occ: Healthcare Edu: Some College
Single Family
MP

Jamie Smiley

Age 34
·
971 Steeple Chase Ln, Orange Park, FL 32065 (Clay County)
30.1819, -81.8254
Marital: Single TZ: Eastern
Occ: Healthcare Edu: Some College
Single Family
MP

Jamie Smiley

Age 37
·
120 Manchester Ct, Schaumburg, IL 60193 (Cook County)
42.0120, -88.0907
Marital: Married TZ: Central
Edu: High School
Homeowner Single Family Purchased 2012
MP

Jamie L Smiley

Age 29 Female
·
5801 County Highway 37, Upper Sandsky, OH 43351 (Wyandot County)
40.9094, -83.2568
· (419) 307-5729
Marital: Married TZ: Eastern
Homeowner Single Family Built 1982 Purchased 1984
MP

Jamie B Smiley

Age 36
·
1105 Lampton Ln, Deerfield, IL 60015 (Lake County)
42.1723, -87.8318
Marital: Married TZ: Central
Homeowner Single Family Built 1972 Purchased 2015
MP

Jamie Smiley

Female
·
13037 S 2950 W, Riverton, UT 84065 (Salt Lake County)
40.5145, -111.9620
· (801) 878-9389
TZ: Mountain
Homeowner Single Family Built 1997 Purchased 2010
MP

Jamie J Smiley

Age 53 Female
·
1360 Sonoma Ave, Sacramento, CA 95815 (Sacramento County)
38.6237, -121.4360
· (916) 995-6212
Marital: Married TZ: Pacific
Occ: Professional Edu: High School
Homeowner Single Family Built 1930 Purchased 2007
MP

Jamie E Smiley

Age 38
·
10268 S 1000 W, South Jordan, UT 84095 (Salt Lake County)
40.5646, -111.9200
Marital: Married TZ: Mountain
Homeowner Single Family
MP

Jamie Smiley

Age 32
·
2749 Vernon Ter, Jacksonville, FL 32205 (Duval County)
30.3052, -81.6918
· (904) 579-6381
TZ: Eastern
Edu: Some College
Multi-Family

Source: Consumer Marketing Databases · Commercial Data Aggregators Marketing databases contain 14 demographic profiles associated with Jamie Smiley. This data is compiled from commercial aggregators and may include estimated income ranges, lifestyle indicators, and household characteristics. Accuracy is not guaranteed.

Find Jamie Smiley on the map

Blank map of the United States, territories not included Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming District of Columbia District of Columbia
1
1
7
8
8
5
5
5
6
8
7
1
1
2
2
3
2

Found 72 results across 17 states

Fewer
More

Jamie Smiley in IA: Background Summary

Location
928 8th Ave Council Bluffs, IA 51501-6326
Other Locations
Sacramento, CA · Bracey, VA · Washington, MI and 22 more
Profiles Found
32 people with this name
Phone Numbers
(712) 329-0514 and 19 others on file
Email
davisjamie@aol.com and 8 others on file
Possible Relatives
Zachary William Smiley, Donald J Davis, Este E Smiley, Jamie Diane Smiley, Teresa M Davis and 87 more
Career
Localization Manager, Chief Executive at Council Bluffs Community School District, Greenheck
Voter Registration
Registered Republican
Vehicles
7 linked — 2013 Ford Explorer, 2009 Jeep Liberty and 5 more
Contributions
$50 total — Republican Party Of Wisconsin

This information is compiled from publicly available records and may include data for multiple individuals with similar names. Data may contain inaccuracies or be incomplete. This information should not be used for employment screening, tenant screening, credit decisions, or any purpose covered by the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). Always verify information independently before making any decisions.

How to Read This Report

This page aggregates publicly available records from government agencies, court systems, and official registries into a single report for Jamie Smiley. Because public records are indexed by name rather than by a unique identifier, the 88 results displayed here may include information belonging to multiple individuals who share the same name — a common occurrence, especially for frequently appearing names. To determine which records belong to the person you are researching, compare the location, approximate age, and any associated details across entries. Records that share an address or overlapping timeframe are more likely to refer to the same individual.

What Each Data Category Means

Voter Registration

Voter registration data is maintained by state and county election offices and is considered public record under the election laws of most states. The party affiliation shown reflects the voter's registration at the time the record was filed; it does not necessarily indicate current political preferences, as voters may change their affiliation or register differently in subsequent elections. Not all states make their voter files publicly available — some restrict access or redact certain fields such as date of birth or residential address — so the completeness of voter data varies by state. Registration status (active or inactive) indicates whether the election office considers the registration current, not whether the person actually voted in recent elections.

Business and Professional Records

Business records are compiled from state Secretary of State filings, SEC EDGAR corporate disclosures, and professional networking data. When a person appears as an officer, director, or registered agent, it reflects a formal role filed with a government agency — these are legal positions of responsibility, not informal job titles. Records sourced from professional profiles represent information that individuals have chosen to make publicly available about their career history, skills, and affiliations. Business entity registrations show current or historical standing with the state, but a listing does not guarantee the entity is still actively operating.

Campaign Finance Contributions

Federal election law requires the disclosure of political contributions exceeding $200 to any single committee in a calendar year. These records are filed with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and include the donor's name, mailing address, employer, occupation, and the amount contributed. Contributions to state and local candidates are governed by each state's campaign finance laws, which may set different disclosure thresholds. The data shown here reflects what was reported in official filings and may include contributions made over the course of many election cycles, so the dates and amounts should be read in their historical context.

Vehicle Records

Vehicle ownership records are obtained through sources that comply with the Driver's Privacy Protection Act (DPPA), the federal law that governs who may access motor vehicle records and for what purposes. The records shown indicate vehicles that have been registered to this individual through state DMV systems. Vehicle data may include make, model, year, and VIN, and reflects registration information at the time the record was filed. Vehicles that have been sold, traded, or transferred may still appear until the registration is updated in the state's records.

Important Limitations

Public records may contain outdated information, data entry errors, or records that belong to a different person who shares the same name as the individual you are researching. Government agencies update their records on varying schedules, and the data shown here may not reflect the most recent changes. Information on this page is provided for informational purposes only and should not be used for employment screening, tenant screening, credit decisions, or any other purpose regulated by the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). Always verify critical details through the originating government agency or official registry.

Your Rights

If you are the person described in these records, you have rights regarding your personal data. Under laws including the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and similar state privacy statutes, you may request the deletion or correction of your personal information. To submit a removal request, visit our opt-out page. For a complete description of how we collect, use, and protect personal data, please review our privacy policy.

Search Results Analysis for Jamie Smiley

Search Complexity: High

88 public records across 17states, belonging to approximately 32 different individuals. With 32 distinct profiles across 17 states, additional identifying information such as a middle name, age, or city will significantly narrow these results.

For this search, the Voter Registration Records section may be most helpful for disambiguation because these records include birth year, party affiliation, and county — highly useful for narrowing results.

Geographic Distribution

Records are widely distributed across 17 states. Highest concentration: Michigan (9%), followed by Colorado and Florida. Spans the Midwest and South regions.

MI8recordsCO8recordsFL8recordsOH7recordsCA7recordsIN6records

Record Type Breakdown

Data spans 7 record categories. Largest: Contact & Address Records (56%), which contain the most specific identifiers like phone numbers, email addresses, and physical addresses. Also includes Business & Corporate Filings (16) and Vehicle Registration Records (7).

41
Contact & Address Records
16
Business & Corporate Filings
7
Vehicle Registration Records
5
Voter Registration Records
2
Political Contribution Records
1
Corporate Records

Age Distribution

Age range: approximately 56 years, suggesting multiple generations. Largest group: Senior (65+) (9%).

Senior (65+)1personMiddle-Age (40-64)9peopleYounger Adult (25-39)1person

Use the age information shown on individual record cards to help identify the correct person.

Frequently Asked Questions About Jamie Smiley

Is Jamie Smiley a registered voter?
Yes, voter registration records show Jamie Smiley is registered in Pennsylvania with D affiliation. We found 5 voter registration entries across 3 states. Voter registration data is public record maintained by state election offices and released under state sunshine laws.
What vehicles are registered to Jamie Smiley?
Records show 7 vehicle registrations associated with Jamie Smiley, including a 2013 Ford Explorer. Registered makes include Ford, Jeep, Chevrolet, Hyundai. Vehicle registration data is obtained through DPPA-compliant providers and is regulated under the federal Driver's Privacy Protection Act.
What businesses are associated with Jamie Smiley?
We found 16 business affiliations for Jamie Smiley (null). Other companies include greenheck, Dog-Centric. Business records are compiled from state registries, SEC filings, and professional databases.
Has Jamie Smiley made political donations?
FEC disclosure records show 2 reported political contributions from Jamie Smiley, totaling $50. Recipients include Republican Party Of Wisconsin. Federal law requires disclosure of individual contributions exceeding $200.
How many records exist for Jamie Smiley?
Our database contains 88 total records for Jamie Smiley spanning 17 states. This includes 32 distinct contact records, 15 with phone numbers, 5 with email addresses. Multiple records may represent different individuals sharing the same name. All data is compiled from publicly available government and commercial sources.
How accurate is the information shown for Jamie Smiley?
The 88 records displayed for Jamie Smiley are aggregated from government agencies, county offices, and official registries. While we source from authoritative databases, records can contain outdated information or belong to a different person with the same name. We recommend verifying important details through the original issuing agency before making decisions based on this data.
Can Jamie Smiley remove this information?
Yes, any individual has the right to request removal of their personal information. Submit a free removal request through our opt-out page. Under the CCPA and similar state privacy laws, you can request deletion of your data. Removal is completed within 48 hours. You do not need to create an account.
Can I use this data for background checks or screening?
No. OpenDataUSA is not a Consumer Reporting Agency under the FCRA. These records may not be used for employment screening, tenant evaluation, credit decisions, insurance underwriting, or any other FCRA-regulated purpose. For official background checks, use an FCRA-compliant service.